Podcast #4 Typography

1. Define typography? 
art of expressing ideas through the selection of typefaces

 2. Where did the word "typography" originate from?
form and writing.
 
3. What does typography involve? 
involves a selection of appropriate font, size, line spacing and spacing between letters.
 
4. What is a typeface?
 distinctive design of visual symbols that are used to compose a printed image/design

5. What is another term for typeface? 
Fonts
 
6. What is a character?
 Individual symbols that make up a typeface
 
7. What is type style? 
Letters, numerals, and punctuation. Bold, italics
 
8. What does type style "create" within a design?
 design variety while maintaing the visual style of the typeface.
 
9. What is the waist line and what does it indicate?
 imaginary line drawn at the middle of the characters.
 
10. What is a base line and what does it indicate?
 Imaginary line drawn at the bottom of the characters.
 
11. What is an ascender? 
 The part of the character that extends above the waist line.
 
12. What is a descender?
 The part of the character that extends below the waist line.
 
13. Describe a serif? 
The smaller line used to finish of a main stroke of a letter, usually the op and bottom of a character.
 
14. How can the size of the typeface be identified? 
Measure from top to bottom.
 
15. What is a point? 
The vertical measurement used to identify the size of a typeface. It measures from the top  of the ascender to the bottom of the descender.
 
16. How many points are in an inch?
 72 Points.
 
17. What is a pica and how many are in an inch?
6 picas in an inch.

18. How many points are in a pica?
12 points in a pica.

19. What is body type and where can it be found? 
Type sized that range from 4 pt through 12 pt. These sizes are found in places where there is a lot of text to be read.
 
20. What is the key to selecting appropriate typefaces to be used as body type?
Readability.

21. What is display type and how is it used? 
Type sizes about 12 y. Typically are used to draw attention to a message [headlines, sub headlines, ect]
 
22. What is reverse type and when would it be used? 
Consists of a white type on a solid black or darker color background. If the text is too small, reverse type can be difficult on the readers eye. Display type is necessary.
 
23. What is a typeface classification? 
A basic system for classifying typefaces was devised in the 19th century when printers sought to identify a heritage for their own craft.
 
24. When was Black letter invented and how was it used?
Invented on the printing press in the mid 1400's. Used on official documents such as diplomas, formal invitations, etc

25. Describer the characteristics of a Black letter typeface? 
Resemble the calligraphy of the time and are highly ornamental with elaborate thick to thin strokes.
 
26. When was Old Style invented and what was is based on? 
It was based on ancient roman inscriptions
 
27. Describe the characteristics of an Old Style typeface?
 Wedge-shapes angled serifs and a low contrast of their think and thin strokes.
 
28. When were formal scripts developed? 
In the 17th and 18th century.
 
29. When were casual scripts developed?
 20th century.
 
30. Describe the characteristics of a Script typeface?
 Based on forms made with flexible brushed or pens and have varied strokes reminiscent of handwriting.
 
31. When was Modern typefaces developed and why? 
18th and 19th century's as a radical break from traditional typography of the time.
 
32. Describe the characteristics of a Modern typeface?
 Have sharp contrast between thick and thin strokes and have thin, flat serifs.
 
33. How early can Sans Serif typefaces be found? What happened? 
as early as the 5th century.
 
34. When did they become popular?
 in the 1920's.
 
35. What does "sans serif" mean? 
without serif's
 
36. Describe the characteristics of a Sans Serif typeface? 
Strokes are uniform and in weight and have a monotone appearance.
 
37. When was Slab Serif developed and why?
 In the 19th century for advertising purposes.
 
38. Describe the characteristics of a Slab Serif typeface? 
Uniform line weight and thicker, square serifs.
 
39. Describe Decorative typefaces?
 They have a distinctive design style.
 
40. Why were they developed?
 with a specific purpose or theme in mind.

41. What are they best used for?
Larger points or display type. 

Review week 14

Identify 5 colleges that offer graphic design (or related) majors. For each, list the school name, location, graphics majors that are offered, requirements for admission

1- Digital media arts college. Boca Raton, Florida. Majors: Web design, Visual effects animation. Requirements: Bachelors degree, Resume, Portfolio.
2- Full sail university. Winter Park, Florida. Majors: Computer Animation, Game art, Game development. Requirements: Standard diploma or GED. GPA 2.5
3- Academy of art university. San Fransisco, California. Requirements: Official, sealed copy of high school transcript or GED, Signed Proof of High School Equivalency, Declaration Form Signed Home School Program Certification form and transcripts, CHSPE Letter. Majors: Typography, Branding, Information design.
4 -The college of WestChester. White Plains, New York. Majors: Game Design, Web Design & Development, Digital Video & Animation. Requirements: Not found.  
5- Georgia State University. Atlanta, Georgia. Majors: Studio, Art education, Concentration art history. Requirements: SAT, ACT scores, High school transcript.


1. What is a portfolio? 
A set of pieces of creative work collected by someone to display their skills, esp. to a potential employer.


2.What is the importance of a portfolio?
So you can have all of your really good work all together, and you can see how much your are improving. 

Review week 13

 

 Principles:
 
Repetition- in this image it shows the same face being shown over and over again.

Proportion scale- This shows how a small dinner plate is the size of women and that she would be able to sleep in it.

Balance- This shows balance because both sides of the image are even, and if you were to fold it in half they would match up

Emphasis- This shows emphasis because the red x's are popping out and red and black are opposite colors so you look at the red x's first. That's where your eye goes.





















Unity- This shows unity because all of the colors and words work together to create one big image.
















Variety- This shows variety because it used orange, blue and green. They all work together and make this close up look very nice. Also one color doesn't pop more than the other.

Harmony-  This image looks very uncomplicated and all of the colors work together to make it simple.

Contrast- In this Ipod ad they use light and dark to make the Ipod pop on its dark body. The black image of the person also shows how much fun the person is having while listening to the device that is being advertised.

Movement- This shows movement because you follow the triangles all the way across the page as they get smaller and smaller.

1. How do you add a layer mask to a particular layer?

 You click the add mask button on your layers pallet. 


2. What two colors are used to create the mask?
 Black and white. 


1. Describe the process of using a layer mask?
A layer mask will let you work with a layer without messing up your original layer. You're basically working on the same layer.

Stephen Kroninger

1. What kind of art/design does he produce?
He produces collages. 


2. In what publications/media studios has his work been featured?
His work has been in: Time magazine, Rolling Stone, Sports illustrated, The New York Times, News week, ESPN, Parents magazine etc.  

3. Was this piece published? Where? 
Image 1:  Yes, The Boston Sunday Globe. 
Image 2: Yes, The New Yorker. 

4. What principles of design were utilized within the piece? How?
In both of these works he used the principle of space. He made everything around them white.  

Review week 12

1. How can you, as the designer, use principles of design to help compose a page?
When you use principles of design it helps you create your work, it helps you follow something as you're working.

2. What are the principles of design (define each in your own words)?
Repetitiion- Having a pattern and using it evenly. 
Proportion- The size and scale of the various elements in design.
Balance-  Distribution of heaving and light elements on a page
Emphasis- Having a particular part to focus on, or focus point. 
Unity- when all of the work goes together.
Variety- diversity in the work. 
Rhythm- intervals between the elements. 
Contrast- when related elements are different 

Podcast #3 princibles of design.

Define principles of design?
Concepts used to arrange the structral elements of a composition.
 
What do the principles of design affect?
The expressive content
What is the principle of repetition?

Describe ways that the principle of repetition helps the composition/audience?
Repeating some aspect or elements throught the entire documents. It's a key that ties your piece together

What are ways that you can incorporate repetition into your designs?
Bold font, thick line, certain bullet, color, design element, particular format.

What should you avoid when working with repetition?
Too much repetition. 

What is the principle of proportion/scale?
The relative size and scale of the various elements in design. 

What is the most universal standard of measure when judging size?
The human body.

How can the principle of proportion/scale be used as an attention getter?
Unusual or unexpected scale
 
What is the principle of balance?
Distribution of heaving and light elements on a page.

Which kinds of elements/shapes visually weigh heavier/greater?
Large elements look heavier, irregular shapes.
 
What is another name for symmetrical balance? 
Formal balance.
 
Define symmetrical balance?
when the weight of a composition is evenly distributed around the central vertical on horizontal axis. 

What is another name for asymmetrical balance?
Informal balance. 

Define asymmetrical balance?
When the weight of a composition is not evenly distributed around the axis
 
What is the principle of emphasis?
Stress of a particular are of a focus rather than the maze of details of equal importance. 

What happens to a design that has no focus?
There will be no area that the eye goes to first.
 
What is a focal point and how is it created?
Area where the eye tends to go first. Its created by making one element dominants with all the other elements contributing but subordinate.
 
How many components of a composition can be a focal point?
No more than one.
 
What ways can emphasis be created in a design?
Direction, size, shapes, texture, color, tone, line.
 
What is the principle of unity?
The wholeness of a composition. 

What three ways can unity be obtained?
1. Put objects close together.

2. Make things similar. (textures, colors, shapes)

3. Direct vision by a live that travels around the design.

What is the principle of variety?
Pertains to the differences and diversity. Its what makes a work of art interesting.
 
What ways can a designer add variety to a design?
vary textures colors, shapes. and alter contrast. 

Why is it important to find the right balance between unity and variety?
To have a successful effective design.
 
What is figure?
a form, silhouette, or shape that is naturally perceived. 

What is another name for figure?
Positive shape

What is ground?
The surrounding area around a figure. 

What is another name for ground?
Negative space.

When a composition is abstract (has no recognizable subject) what will the figure depend on? What does that mean?

Why must a designer consider the composition as a whole?

What is the principle of rhythm?
Continuity recurrence or organized movement in space and time. 

How is rhythm achieved?
Through the orderly repetition of any element: line, shape, value, tone, texture. 

What three ways can rhythm occur in a design?
1. When the intervals between the elements. and often the elements themselves are similar in size or length.

2. More organic flowing sense of movement.

3. Through a sequence of shapes through a progression of steps.

How does rhythm help a composition/design?
Add life and interaction to a inanimate page. Help deliver a message by controlling the views eye movement. 

What is the principle of contrast?
When two related elements are different. 

How can contrast help a design?
Can draw the viewers eye view to the piece., adds visual interest.

What is wrong with having too much or too little contrast in a design?
becomes boring, and confusing. 

What is the key to working with contrast?
Make sure the differences are obvious. 

What are some common ways of creating contrast?
Creating differences in: size, value, color, type, texture, shapes, alignment, direction, movement.