Thursday, March 15, 2012
#16 research and inspiration
Wednesday, March 14, 2012
Photography | 1839 - 1960s AD
1. Until the 1880s, how were news stories illustrated?
Printing presses from engravings or wood cuts.
2. What is a camera obscura?
A dark chamber. A way to observe light. Optical device that projects an image of its surrounding onto a screen.
Post an example of a camera obscura.
3. How did scholars and artists utilize the camera obscure?
Safe observation of solar eclipses and the phases of the moon. Artists used this to trace outside scence and paint them.
4. From where did the photographic camera develop?
5. Who first used the term "photography"? Where was is derived from?
Sir John Hershel. Greek words for light and writing.
Post an the first photograph.
6. Who is credited with making the first successful photograph?
Joseph Niepce
Post an example of a Daguerreotype image.
7. Who invented the Daguerreotype process? What are the advantages and disadvantages of the process?
Louis Daguerre. It could be made permanent by immersing it in salt. It was expensice and the image could not be duplicated.
Post an example of a Calotype image.
8. Who invented the Calotype process? What are the advantages and disadvantages of the process?
William fox Talbot. It had good quality. Unlimited amount of duplicates could be made. Needed to improve quality/
Post an example of a Wet Collodion Process image.
9. Who invented the Wet Collodion process? What are the advantages and disadvantages of the process?
Frederick Scott Archer. It was much faster and it cost much less then previous ideas. They had to be developed immediately. Dark rooms had to be portable.
Post an example of a Dry Plate Process image.
10. Who invented the Dry Plate process? What are the advantages and disadvantages of the process?
Richard Maddox. It was still too complicated for ordinary users.
Who is George Eastman? What company did he establish?
He made photography accessible to all. Eastman Kodak Company
Post an example of The Kodak Camera from 1888.
11. In 1888, he produced a camera that use his flexible roll film. How did he make this camera/photography accessible to the public?
All they had to do was press a button. They sent in their camera with a processing fee and the camer could be reloaded and returned to the owner.
12. What is Edwin Land best known for? What company did he establish?
Taking the first color photograph. Polaroid.
Post a photo of the first Polaroid camera.
13. How long did the first Polaroid camera take to produce a photo?
60 seconds.
14. What was Eadweard Muybridge known for?
Motion picture photography. Using multiple cameras to capture motion.
Post a photo of the Zoopraxiscope.
15. What is the Zoopraxiscope?
Device used to project a series of images in a successive phases of motion.
Post a photo of Muybridge's horse in motion.
16. How did Muybridge settle the debate and photograph a horse in motion?
He used a series of large cameras placed in a line, each being triggered by a thread as a horse passed by. He successfully had a picture of it.
17. In 1880s, the development of the motion picture camera allowed this?
Allowed individual images to be captured and stored on a single film reel.
Post a photo of a motion picture projector.
18. What is a motion picture projector?
Shine light through the film and magnify the moving pictures onto a screen for an audience.
Printing presses from engravings or wood cuts.
2. What is a camera obscura?
A dark chamber. A way to observe light. Optical device that projects an image of its surrounding onto a screen.
Post an example of a camera obscura.
Safe observation of solar eclipses and the phases of the moon. Artists used this to trace outside scence and paint them.
4. From where did the photographic camera develop?
5. Who first used the term "photography"? Where was is derived from?
Sir John Hershel. Greek words for light and writing.
6. Who is credited with making the first successful photograph?
Joseph Niepce
Post an example of a Daguerreotype image.
Louis Daguerre. It could be made permanent by immersing it in salt. It was expensice and the image could not be duplicated.
Post an example of a Calotype image.
William fox Talbot. It had good quality. Unlimited amount of duplicates could be made. Needed to improve quality/
Post an example of a Wet Collodion Process image.
Frederick Scott Archer. It was much faster and it cost much less then previous ideas. They had to be developed immediately. Dark rooms had to be portable.
Post an example of a Dry Plate Process image.
Richard Maddox. It was still too complicated for ordinary users.
Who is George Eastman? What company did he establish?
He made photography accessible to all. Eastman Kodak Company
Post an example of The Kodak Camera from 1888.
All they had to do was press a button. They sent in their camera with a processing fee and the camer could be reloaded and returned to the owner.
12. What is Edwin Land best known for? What company did he establish?
Taking the first color photograph. Polaroid.
Post a photo of the first Polaroid camera.
60 seconds.
14. What was Eadweard Muybridge known for?
Motion picture photography. Using multiple cameras to capture motion.
Post a photo of the Zoopraxiscope.
Device used to project a series of images in a successive phases of motion.
Post a photo of Muybridge's horse in motion.
He used a series of large cameras placed in a line, each being triggered by a thread as a horse passed by. He successfully had a picture of it.
17. In 1880s, the development of the motion picture camera allowed this?
Allowed individual images to be captured and stored on a single film reel.
Post a photo of a motion picture projector.
Shine light through the film and magnify the moving pictures onto a screen for an audience.
The Linotype Machine | 1886 AD
Who is credited with the invention of the typewriter?
James 0 Clephane.
1. What is a "stenographer"?
someone skilled in the transcription of speech
Post an example of Shole's typewriter.
2. Why did Sholes send a prototype of his typewriter to Clephane?
He realized that stenographers would be among the first and most important users.
3. After the typewriter began production, why did Clephane pursue another machine?
It still took a long time to typeset and copy the words.
4. Who spent a year redesigning Clephane's typesetting machine?
Ottmar Mergenthaler.
5. What is meant by "typesetting"?
Arrange or generate the type for (a piece of text to be printed).
Post an example of Linotype Machine.
6. How does the Linotype Machine differ from the typewriter?
It allowed type to be set mechanically rather than by hand. It produced a solid line of type by casting hot lead into a series of molds that corresponded to individual letters.
7. How did this machine change the newspaper industry?
It made it possible for a small number of operators to set type for more pages on a daily basis.
Post an example of a Linotype keyboard.
8. How did the keyboard of the Linotype Machine differ from keyboards that we use today?
There was no shift key so uppercase letters had separate keys from lowercase letters.
Post an example of a Linotype slug.
9. What is a slug?
The assembled line of type
Post an example of a person operating a Linotype Machine.
10. Why is the Linotype Machine the greatest advanced in printing since movable type?
Because it made type and coping things so much faster than moveable type.
James 0 Clephane.
1. What is a "stenographer"?
someone skilled in the transcription of speech
Post an example of Shole's typewriter.
2. Why did Sholes send a prototype of his typewriter to Clephane?
He realized that stenographers would be among the first and most important users.
3. After the typewriter began production, why did Clephane pursue another machine?
It still took a long time to typeset and copy the words.
4. Who spent a year redesigning Clephane's typesetting machine?
Ottmar Mergenthaler.
5. What is meant by "typesetting"?
Arrange or generate the type for (a piece of text to be printed).
Post an example of Linotype Machine.
6. How does the Linotype Machine differ from the typewriter?
It allowed type to be set mechanically rather than by hand. It produced a solid line of type by casting hot lead into a series of molds that corresponded to individual letters.
7. How did this machine change the newspaper industry?
It made it possible for a small number of operators to set type for more pages on a daily basis.
Post an example of a Linotype keyboard.
8. How did the keyboard of the Linotype Machine differ from keyboards that we use today?
There was no shift key so uppercase letters had separate keys from lowercase letters.
Post an example of a Linotype slug.
The assembled line of type
Post an example of a person operating a Linotype Machine.
10. Why is the Linotype Machine the greatest advanced in printing since movable type?
Because it made type and coping things so much faster than moveable type.
Tuesday, March 13, 2012
The Gutenberg Press | 1450 AD
3. What is Johannes Gutenberg credited with?
Created the hand press. Most influential person of all times.
Post a photo of the Gutenberg Press.
2. How did the printing press work?
Ink was rolled over the raised surface of movable hand set of black letters held within a wooden frame then pressed against a piece of paper
3. What motivated Gutenberg to find a better way of creating books?
Watching goldsmiths a jewelers and his love of reading.
4. Why did Gutenberg experiment with metal type versus wood type? Wood cuts were no durable and split in the press after repeated use.
Post an example of movable type in a type case.
5. What is moveable type?
system of printing that used movable components to reproduce the elements of document (usually individual letters or punctuation).
6.What is a matrix?
I was more duable in the press, melted at a lot temp, and cast well in the die. Hard metal punch is hammered int a softer copper bar, creating a matrix.
7. What ink did Gutenberg develop that he used specifically for the printing press?
Oil based ink.
8. What is paper made from? Where did paper originate?
Used vellum and paper to print on. Paper is a substrate made from wood pulp. From the Chinese.
9.What is a "substrate"?
10. Who did Gutenberg seek to help with the invention of the press? Close to the end of the 5 years, what happened?
John Fust. Fust sued to get his money. He had to turn over the press, tools, materials, and all 180 bibles.
11. What was the first book he printed? The bible.
12. How did the Gutenberg Press impact communication?
Perfected script and made it easier to read. Books made more rapidly, current info could be shared locally and around the world. Costs of books decreased allowing more people to buy them. Demand grew and population became more literate. Greater variety of books. Book trade became to flourish as well as industries like paper making. Economies stronger, art and science became to flourish.
13.Who introduced the printing press to England?
William Caxton.
12.What was the early form of newspapers?
trade news letters.
13.When was the first news weekly published? What was it called?
In 1704 called the Boston Letter.
14.What kind of press was built in the US in the mid 1800s?
Press made of cast iron.
Post an example of a 1930s printing press.
15. By the late 1930s, presses had increased in efficiency and were capable of 2,500 to 3,500 impressions per hour. What is meant by "impression"?
Prints.
16.Which printing process is the Gutenberg press an example of? Briefly describe the process?
Relief printing. Movable type is placed into the press. Ink is spread onto the type. Paper is placed on top. The press applies the direct pressure needed to transfer the ink to the paper.
Post an example of an intaglio press.
17. What is intaglio printing and how is ink transferred?
Print making, the image are is etched into the place surface to hold the ink. INk is applied to the sure then rubbed with a cloth to remove the excess. The press applies pressure to transfer the ink.
Post an example of a screen (porous) printing press.
18. What is porous printing and how is ink transferred?
basic stencil process. Image carries is attached to a screen. Ink is forced through open mesh areas.
Post an example of a lithography printing press.
19. What is lithography and how is ink transferred?
Printing from a flat surface. Drawing or artwork is made on the plate with greasy ink or crayon. Water is applied. When ink spread on top the greasy part accept the ink. The wet parts don't.
Post an example of a offset lithography printing press.
20. What variation of lithography is used by the commercial printing industry today?
Off set lithography.
21. How do printing presses used today compare to the Gutenberg Press?
They use to same basic technology.
22.Describe four-color process printing using CMYK?
Created the hand press. Most influential person of all times.
2. How did the printing press work?
Ink was rolled over the raised surface of movable hand set of black letters held within a wooden frame then pressed against a piece of paper
3. What motivated Gutenberg to find a better way of creating books?
Watching goldsmiths a jewelers and his love of reading.
4. Why did Gutenberg experiment with metal type versus wood type? Wood cuts were no durable and split in the press after repeated use.
5. What is moveable type?
system of printing that used movable components to reproduce the elements of document (usually individual letters or punctuation).
6.What is a matrix?
I was more duable in the press, melted at a lot temp, and cast well in the die. Hard metal punch is hammered int a softer copper bar, creating a matrix.
7. What ink did Gutenberg develop that he used specifically for the printing press?
Oil based ink.
8. What is paper made from? Where did paper originate?
Used vellum and paper to print on. Paper is a substrate made from wood pulp. From the Chinese.
9.What is a "substrate"?
10. Who did Gutenberg seek to help with the invention of the press? Close to the end of the 5 years, what happened?
John Fust. Fust sued to get his money. He had to turn over the press, tools, materials, and all 180 bibles.
11. What was the first book he printed? The bible.
12. How did the Gutenberg Press impact communication?
Perfected script and made it easier to read. Books made more rapidly, current info could be shared locally and around the world. Costs of books decreased allowing more people to buy them. Demand grew and population became more literate. Greater variety of books. Book trade became to flourish as well as industries like paper making. Economies stronger, art and science became to flourish.
13.Who introduced the printing press to England?
William Caxton.
12.What was the early form of newspapers?
trade news letters.
13.When was the first news weekly published? What was it called?
In 1704 called the Boston Letter.
14.What kind of press was built in the US in the mid 1800s?
Press made of cast iron.
15. By the late 1930s, presses had increased in efficiency and were capable of 2,500 to 3,500 impressions per hour. What is meant by "impression"?
Prints.
16.Which printing process is the Gutenberg press an example of? Briefly describe the process?
Relief printing. Movable type is placed into the press. Ink is spread onto the type. Paper is placed on top. The press applies the direct pressure needed to transfer the ink to the paper.
Post an example of an intaglio press.
Print making, the image are is etched into the place surface to hold the ink. INk is applied to the sure then rubbed with a cloth to remove the excess. The press applies pressure to transfer the ink.
Post an example of a screen (porous) printing press.
basic stencil process. Image carries is attached to a screen. Ink is forced through open mesh areas.
Post an example of a lithography printing press.
Printing from a flat surface. Drawing or artwork is made on the plate with greasy ink or crayon. Water is applied. When ink spread on top the greasy part accept the ink. The wet parts don't.
Post an example of a offset lithography printing press.
Off set lithography.
21. How do printing presses used today compare to the Gutenberg Press?
They use to same basic technology.
22.Describe four-color process printing using CMYK?
Monday, March 5, 2012
Assignment #15 research and inspiration
This has a very colorful bored with a big cap the has pictures around it and its very colorful.
*Use proportion and scale
*Use unity with constant fonts and colors
*Variety with font and designs
Lyrics/type:
So the airs getting colder and the news keeps us scared.
I still wrestle this summer in the bones of our tired and blistered hands,
cause tonight we got drinks with just a couple of friends
and the girl my brother likes is finally talking to him,
and his chest is all swelled like he's proud and happy,
like hes got a great idea like he's making a memory
We go, and come out to the car,
There's a east swell coming and it's howling off shore,
and we'll be lying like lions out in the sands
but I'll be dead before you put a gun in my brothers hand.
So we make jokes back home and we lighten the mood,
growing up my parents all would send in the kids fight and really do
and now with the war I tell their a little shoke up
just a few mothers sons will never really be enough,
Not till half of our names are etched out on the wall
and the other half ruined from the things we saw
We go, and come out to the car,
There's a east swell coming and it's howling off shore,
and we'll be lying like lions out in the sands
but I'll be dead before you put a gun in my brothers hand.
We go, and come out to the car,
There's a east swell coming and it's howling off shore,
and we'll be lying like lions out in the sands
but I'll be dead before you put a gun in my brothers hand.
Colors to use- gold, silver, red, yellow, green, blue, white, black
Thursday, March 1, 2012
The Codex and the Illuminated Manuscript | 1st century AD
1. Post an example of a scroll. What were the drawbacks of the scroll?
only for sequential usage. The read must read the text in the order it was written.
2. Post an example of a codex. What is a codex?
A codex is a covered and bound collection of handwritten pages, like a book.
3."Codex" is derived from the Latin meaning "block of wood". Why?
The codex is sturdy and compact like a block of wood.
4. What is the difference between "sequential access" and "random access"?
sequential access- one must go through the entire scroll to find information
random access- one can go to any point in the book and find information
5. What were the advantages of using the codex?
compactness, sturdiness, and ease of reference.
6. What helped spread the use of the codex?
with the rise of Christianity which adapted the from of the early bible.
7. What replaced papyrus? Describe the process used to create it?
Parchment. Hair and fat were removed from goats, sheep and cows and their hair, fat and skin was removed and smoothed out, hide was then soaked in water- calcium, flour and salt were added. Skin was stretched out, flattened, and dried.
8. What is vellum?
finer qualities of parchment made from the skins of young calves.
9. Name several examples of current technology that utilizes the format of the codex?
Kindle and the I pad still have the format of a book.
10. What led to a period of cultural and economical deterioration?
The decline of the roman empire resulted in fewer books being created and this led to the dark ages.
11. Post an example of an illuminated manuscript. Who began creating books by hand, taking the creation to an art form?
12. What does "illumination" refer to? What was included in this ornamentation?
13. What tool was used for creating the illuminated manuscripts?
14. Why were these manuscripts reserved for religious purposes?
15. What is craftsmanship? Why is it important?
only for sequential usage. The read must read the text in the order it was written.
2. Post an example of a codex. What is a codex?
A codex is a covered and bound collection of handwritten pages, like a book.
3."Codex" is derived from the Latin meaning "block of wood". Why?
The codex is sturdy and compact like a block of wood.
4. What is the difference between "sequential access" and "random access"?
sequential access- one must go through the entire scroll to find information
random access- one can go to any point in the book and find information
5. What were the advantages of using the codex?
compactness, sturdiness, and ease of reference.
6. What helped spread the use of the codex?
with the rise of Christianity which adapted the from of the early bible.
7. What replaced papyrus? Describe the process used to create it?
Parchment. Hair and fat were removed from goats, sheep and cows and their hair, fat and skin was removed and smoothed out, hide was then soaked in water- calcium, flour and salt were added. Skin was stretched out, flattened, and dried.
8. What is vellum?
finer qualities of parchment made from the skins of young calves.
9. Name several examples of current technology that utilizes the format of the codex?
Kindle and the I pad still have the format of a book.
10. What led to a period of cultural and economical deterioration?
The decline of the roman empire resulted in fewer books being created and this led to the dark ages.
11. Post an example of an illuminated manuscript. Who began creating books by hand, taking the creation to an art form?
12. What does "illumination" refer to? What was included in this ornamentation?
13. What tool was used for creating the illuminated manuscripts?
14. Why were these manuscripts reserved for religious purposes?
15. What is craftsmanship? Why is it important?
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